Java生成二维码

SpringBoot + zxing 生成二维码

SpringBoot + qrcode生成二维码

源码地址: JasonsGong/two-dimensional-code: 使用java生成二维码 (github.com)

一.谷歌zxing开源库生成二维码

1.创建一个sprinBoot项目

2.引入相关的依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
        <artifactId>core</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
        <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.在templates目录下新建index.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

4.编写controller跳转到该页面，完成后重启项目，访问localhost:8080 测试

@Controller
public class CodeController {

    @GetMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
}

5.打开index.html，编写前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>二维码</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>谷歌zxing开源库生成黑白二维码</h1>
<hr>
请输入文本内容:<input type="text" id="url"><button onclick="generateQRCode()">生成二维码</button><br>
<img id="qrCodeImg">
<script>
    function generateQRCode(){
        //获取url
       let url =  document.getElementById("url").value
        //设置img标签的src属性
        let qrCodeImg = document.getElementById("qrCodeImg")
        qrCodeImg.src = "/generate?url="+ url
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

由于后端部分没有编写，这时我们访问项目的时候会返回404

6.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.aztec.encoder.AztecCode;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/28
 * @Description
 */
@Slf4j
@Controller
public class CodeController {

    @GetMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }


    @GetMapping("/generate")
    public String generate(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response) {
        log.info("文本内容:{}", url);
        try {
            //创建一个map集合，存储二维码的相关属性
            Map map = new HashMap<>();
            //EncodeHintType 编码的提示类型
            //设置二维码的误差校正级别 可选值有 L(7%) M(15%) Q(25%) H(30%)
            //选择L级别的容错率，相当于允许二维码在整体的颜色区域中，最多有7%的坏像素点;择H级别的容错率，相当于允许二维码在整体的颜色区域中，最多有30%的坏像素点
            map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
            //设置二维码的字符集
            map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
            //设置二维码四周的留白 1表示1像素
            map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
            //创建zxing的核心对象MultiFormatWriter (多格式写入器)
            //通过MultiFormatWriter对象来生成二维码
            MultiFormatWriter writer = new MultiFormatWriter();
            //参数一:内容
            //参数二:二维码格式
            //BarcodeFormat(码格式) QR_CODE ：常见的二维码格式之一，广泛应用于商品包装、扫码支付
            //AZTEC_CODE：高密度，可靠性很高 容错率更低 储存个人信息、证件信息、账户密码
            //PDF417 可以存储大量的信息 数据密度高 应用于航空机票、配送标签、法律文件
            //DATA_MATRIX: 小巧的二维码格式 编码格式类似于QR_CODE 但是优于QR_CODE 适合嵌入简单的产品标签 医疗图像 检测数据
            //参数三四:二维码的宽度和高度
            //参数五:二维码参数
            //位矩阵对象 （位矩阵对象对象的内部实际上是一个二位数组，二维数组中每一个元素是boolean类型 true代表黑色 false代表白色）
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map);
            //获取矩阵的宽度和高度
            int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
            int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
            //生成二维码图片
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
            //遍历位矩阵对象
            for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
                for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                    //设置每一块的颜色值
                    //0xFF000000表示黑色  0xFFFFFFFF表示白色
                    image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
                }
            }
            //将图片响应到客户端
            ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",out);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

7.测试生成二维码

完整的项目结构

8.生成一个带Logo的黑白二维码

1.编写qrcode.html页面和跳转到该页面的controller

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>生成带logo的黑白二维码</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/generateWithLogo" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  请输入文本内容:<input type="text" name="url"><br>
  请选择logo图片:<input type="file" name="logo"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="生成二维码">
</form>
</body>
</html>

/**
     * 跳转到生成带logo的黑白二维码
     */
@GetMapping("/logo")
public String toLogo() {
    return "qrcode";
}

2.编写后端生成二维码逻辑

/**
     * 生成带logo的黑白二维码
     */
@PostMapping("/generateWithLogo")
public String generateWithLogo(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) {
    try {
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
        map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        MultiFormatWriter writer = new MultiFormatWriter();
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        //给二维码添加logo
        //1.获取logo
        Part logoPart = request.getPart("logo");
        InputStream inputStream = logoPart.getInputStream();
        BufferedImage logoImage = ImageIO.read(inputStream);
        //2.对获取的logo图片进行缩放
        int logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth(null);
        int logoHeight = logoImage.getHeight(null);
        if (logoWidth > 60){
            logoWidth = 60;
        }
        if (logoHeight > 60){
            logoHeight = 60;
        }
        //使用平滑缩放算法对原始的logo图像进行缩放到一个全新的图像
        Image scaledLogo = logoImage.getScaledInstance(logoWidth, logoHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
        //3.将缩放的图片画在黑白的二维码上
        //获取一个画笔
        Graphics2D graphics2D = image.createGraphics();
        //计算从哪里开始画 300指的是二维码的宽度和高度
        int x = (300 - logoWidth) /2;
        int y = (300 - logoHeight) /2;
        //画上去
        graphics2D.drawImage(scaledLogo,x,y,null);
        //实现logo的圆角效果
        Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, logoWidth, logoHeight, 10, 10);
        //使用一个宽度为4像素的基本笔触
        graphics2D.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4f));
        //给logo画圆角矩形
        graphics2D.draw(shape);
        //释放画笔
        graphics2D.dispose();
        //将二维码响应到浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image, "png", response.getOutputStream());
        //关闭流
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

访问 http://localhost:8080/logo 测试

实现的效果

二.github开源项目qrcode生成二维码

1.引入依赖文件

这里就不在重新创建工程了，直接在上面工程的基础上操作

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.liuyueyi.media</groupId>
    <artifactId>qrcode-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.2</version>
</dependency>

2.生成黑白二维码

1.创建github-qrcode.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>qrcode生成黑白二维码</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>使用github上的开源项目qrcode生成二维码</h1>
<hr>
<form action="/generateWithQrCode" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  请输入文本内容:<input type="text" name="url"><br>
  请选择logo图片:<input type="file" name="logo"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="生成二维码">
</form>
</body>
</html>

2.编写controller处理请求

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description  使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode(){
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request){
        try {
            //生成二维码
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url).asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",response.getOutputStream());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

3.访问测试

3.生成带有logo的黑白二维码

前端页面延续使用上面的github-qrcode.html

1.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description  使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode(){
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request){
        try {
            //生成二维码
            //生成黑白的二维码
            //BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url).asBufferedImage();
            //生成带logo的黑白二维码
            InputStream inputStream = request.getPart("logo").getInputStream();
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
                    .setLogo(inputStream)//logo图片的输入流
                    .setLogoRate(7)//设置logo图片和二维码之间的比例，7表示logo的宽度等于二维码的1/7
                    .setLogoStyle(QrCodeOptions.LogoStyle.ROUND)//设置logo图片的样式，将logo的边框形状设置成圆形
                    .asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",response.getOutputStream());
            //关闭流
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

实现的效果

4.生成彩色的二维码

前端页面延续使用上面的github-qrcode.html

1.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description  使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode(){
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request){
        try {
            //生成彩色的二维码
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url).setDrawPreColor(Color.GREEN).asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",response.getOutputStream());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

实现的效果

5.生成带有背景图的二维码

前端页面延续使用上面的github-qrcode.html

1.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description  使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode(){
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request){
        try {
            //生成带有背景图的二维码
            InputStream inputStream = request.getPart("logo").getInputStream();
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
                    .setBgImg(inputStream)
                    .setBgOpacity(0.5F)//设置透明度
                    .asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",response.getOutputStream());
            //关闭流
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

实现的效果

6.生成特殊形状的二维码

前端页面延续使用上面的github-qrcode.html

1.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description  使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode(){
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request){
        try {
            //生成特殊形状的二维码
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
                    .setDrawEnableScale(true)//启用二维码绘制时的缩放功能
                    .setDrawStyle(QrCodeOptions.DrawStyle.DIAMOND)//绘制钻石形状的二维码
                    .asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image,"png",response.getOutputStream());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

实现的效果

7.生成图片填充二维码

前端页面延续使用上面的github-qrcode.html

1.后端代码的编写

package com.mine.code.controller;

import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeDeWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author Jason Gong
 * @version 1.0
 * @website https://qingling.icu
 * @Date 2023/8/29
 * @Description 使用qrcode生成二维码
 */
@Controller
public class GithubQrCodeController {
    /**
     * 编写请求跳转到使用qrcode生成二维码的页面
     */
    @GetMapping("/qrcode")
    public String toQrCode() {
        return "github-qrcode";
    }


    /**
     * 使用qrcode生成黑白二维码
     */
    @PostMapping("/generateWithQrCode")
    public String generateWithQrCode(@RequestParam("url") String url, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) {
        try {
            //生成图片填充二维码
            InputStream inputStream = request.getPart("logo").getInputStream();
            BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
                    .setErrorCorrection(ErrorCorrectionLevel.H)//设置二维码的纠正级别
                    .setDrawStyle(QrCodeOptions.DrawStyle.IMAGE)//绘制二维码的时候采用图片填充
                    .addImg(1, 1, inputStream)//添加图片
                    .asBufferedImage();
            //将生成的二维码响应到浏览器
            ImageIO.write(image, "png", response.getOutputStream());
            //关闭流
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

实现的效果

二维码中的每一个像素点都是上传的图片，生成的速度很慢